These club-shaped organelles contain rhoptry bulb proteins (ROPs) in the enlarged base that are segregated from rhoptry neck proteins (RONs) at the thin neck connected to the apical tip of the parasite. Rhoptries inject proteins across the host cell plasma membrane (PM) 1, some acting as receptors during host cell invasion and others as effectors to subvert host cellular functions 2. Micronemes secrete surface-exposed transmembrane adhesins (MICs) linked to the actomyosin system that promote traction for motility and invasion. Specialized apical secretory organelles called rhoptries and micronemes crucially participate in gliding motility and active host cell entry of these obligate intracellular parasites.
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, a member of the Apicomplexa phylum.
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